How to obtain list of installed packages

Fri May 20 17:00:21 UTC 2016

On 21/05/2016, Petter Adsen <petter at synth.no> wrote:
> On Fri, 20 May 2016 23:18:18 +0800
> Bret Busby <bret.busby at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> On 20/05/2016, Petter Adsen <petter at synth.no> wrote:
>> > Try 'sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda' if the disk is indeed GPT. That should
>> > list the partition table, and would probably display error messages
>> > if something is wrong.
>>
>> "
>> bret at bret-Aspire-V3-772-UbuntuMATE:~$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda
>> sudo: unable to resolve host bret-Aspire-V3-772-UbuntuMATE
>> [sudo] password for bret:
>> GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.0
>>
>> Partition table scan:
>>   MBR: protective
>>   BSD: not present
>>   APM: not present
>>   GPT: present
>>
>> Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
>> Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
>> Logical sector size: 512 bytes
>> Disk identifier (GUID): 1C378A0E-EC1F-4E9B-8B5A-55B8505336D0
>> Partition table holds up to 128 entries
>> First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
>> Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
>> Total free space is 6096 sectors (3.0 MiB)
>>
>> Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
>>    1            2048          821247   400.0 MiB   EF02  Basic data
>> partition
>>    2          821248         1435647   300.0 MiB   EF00  EFI system
>> partition
>>    3         1435648         1697791   128.0 MiB   0C01  Microsoft
>> reserved ...
>>    4         1697792       197010291   93.1 GiB    0700  Basic data
>> partition
>>    5      1917870080      1953523711   17.0 GiB    2700  Basic data
>> partition
>>    6       197011456       392323071   93.1 GiB    EF00  Debian 7 OS
>>    7       392323072       587634687   93.1 GiB    0700  Debian7Home
>>    8       587634688       650135551   29.8 GiB    8200
>>    9       650135552       845447167   93.1 GiB    0700  Data1-ext4
>>   10       845447168      1040758783   93.1 GiB    EF00  Debian6 OS
>>   11      1040758784      1236070399   93.1 GiB    0700  Data2-ext2
>>   12      1236070400      1440870399   97.7 GiB    0700
>>   13      1440870400      1645670399   97.7 GiB    0700
>>   14      1645670400      1744717765   47.2 GiB    0700  Debian6 Home
>>   15      1744717824      1820889698   36.3 GiB    8300
>>   16      1820891136      1917870079   46.2 GiB    8300
>> bret at bret-Aspire-V3-772-UbuntuMATE:~$
>
> Something is wrong here. Code ef00 is reserved for the EFI system
> partition, yet you have that code on three partitions. You could change
> the code on the two Debian partitions, they should probably be 8300 if
> they are normal Linux file systems.
>
> It might be a good idea to clean up a bit and get rid of the operating
> systems and partitions you don't use. If you need a lot of different
> logical volumes within Linux, look at LVM instead.
>
> I *think* ef02 is reserved for the Grub 'BIOS boot partition',
> something you should not need with UEFI. I might be wrong, though. 8200
> is swap AFAICR, the others I am unfamiliar with.
>
> Right now I can't see any overlapping partitions, but I could be
> overlooking something.
>

When i installed Linux on the system, I found that the only way that I
could do it, due to the Microsoft restrictive computing practices
(disallowing any other operating system to be installed), was to
switch from UEFI to Legacy BIOS, and work only with legacy BIOS, for
installing and running linux.

The versions of debian are installed, because I was a debian 6 user,
with GNOME 2, and GNOME 2 got thrown out the window, by GNOME and
linux, and, debian did not have the CPU and GPU drivers that i neede
for this computer; the only operating system at the time, other than
MS Windows 8, was Ubuntu, which had had the drivers from about 12.04.

Also, after getting stuffed up by the non-GNOME 2 interfaces in Ubuntu
linux, I found out about UbuntuMATE, so, installed the irst official
version of UbuntuMATE, which, I think, was 14.04 or 15.04, and then,
went on from there, and, I had not got around to eliminating the other
operating systems.

I have just before seeing the message above, and, writing this
response, performed a system update (NOT a dist-upgrade, to 16.04, as
yet), which update, I had been deferring, as it involved a kernel
update, which would require a system reboot, so I progressively shut
down the open applications, and did the system update, and then the
system reboot.

The reason that I mention the update and the system reboot, is that,
upon rebooting, no file system error was reported., Now, I do not
know, because, in running an external monitor, with the fixed monitor
(this is a "laptop" computer) folded down, which is how I leave the
laptop screen, with as paper thing covering the webcam, for privacy,
whether an fsck was performed in the boot process, as the external
monior is not activated until after I have logged in. So, I do not see
the boot process output, as it is kept from the external monitor, by
the operating system.

-- 

Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia

..............

"So once you do know what the question actually is,
 you'll know what the answer means."
- Deep Thought,
 Chapter 28 of Book 1 of
 "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:
 A Trilogy In Four Parts",
 written by Douglas Adams,
 published by Pan Books, 1992

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